Biology 30 – Populations Practice Test

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• Compared with underdeveloped nations, developed nations generally have which of the following?
• What are the 3 population distribution theoretical patterns?
• Two life strategies are used to describe population growth patterns. Which pair represents these strategies?
• How does gene flow affect genetic diversity in the recipient population?
• Describe the bottleneck effect.
• Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which condition contributes to constant allele frequencies?
• Which statement best contrasts r-selected and K-selected life history strategies?
• Inbreeding is best described as?
• What does aposematic coloration communicate to potential predators?
• K-selected populations are typically found in stable or predictable environments.
• Gene flow between nearby populations occurs when
• What term best describes two organisms that live in close association?
• Which statement best describes K-selected populations?
• What are ecological communities?
• In a population, which distribution pattern corresponds to random dispersion?
• Which statement best describes the difference between a source-sink population dynamic and a classic population model?
• The founder effect can lead to reduced genetic diversity in the new population.
• How does ecological succession influence population dynamics over time?
• Describe a practical life history trade-off in a population of birds.
• How do genetic diversity and gene flow contribute to population resilience?
• Mutualism is best described as?
• What is the founder effect?
• What is a population viability analysis (PVA) and how is it used in conservation?
• Which statement best describes the effect of metapopulation connectivity on extinction dynamics?
• Define carrying capacity and describe how it shapes long-term population size.
• What is genetic drift?
• How can immigration policies influence a country's demographic structure?
• How does genetic drift affect allele frequencies in small populations?
• Which statement best describes a Type III survivorship pattern and its typical organisms?
• Which of the following is a condition of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
• What does a change in the DNA of an individual generally indicate about genetic variation in the population?
• What metrics are commonly used to monitor wildlife population health?
• Biotic factors describe which of the following?
• In an open population, the change in population size is calculated as?
• Succession is driven by which factors?
• Why are birth rate, death rate, and migration all important when assessing population change?
• Exponential growth is typically uncommon in natural populations because of limiting factors. True or false?
• Population will tend to do what around carrying capacity?
• Which statement best describes a typical expectation under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium when random mating holds?
• Which statement best summarizes the relationship between life history strategies and fitness?
• Commensalism is defined as?
• What distinguishes exponential growth from logistic growth, and under what conditions do they occur?
• Interspecific competition occurs when?
• What does primary succession describe?
• Which factor explains why very small populations are at higher risk of extinction?
• What is the competitive exclusion principle?
• How does parental investment affect offspring survival and population growth?
• Which statement accurately describes succession?
• Logistic growth, growth rate as N approaches K.
• What is a niche?
• Biotic potential is affected by which of the following factors?
• What are the conditions to intraspecific competition?
• Which scenario illustrates genetic drift most clearly?
• What happens to the survivors of the bottleneck effect?
• Which factor is an example of environmental resistance that limits population growth?
• What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle propose?
• Which statement best describes the effect of gene flow on populations?
• What is the effect of selection pressure on allele frequencies in a population?
• Aposematic coloration is best described as?
• Which of the following factors contributed to sidestepping natural population controls in human populations?
• In a population, a trait that confers higher fitness tends to ...?
• Carrying capacity can change from season to season or year to year.
• What does genetic equilibrium mean?
• Which of the following is an abiotic factor?
• What is selective advantage?
• Intraspecific competition vs interspecific competition; example?
• Density-dependent regulation.
• Biotic potential is defined as the fastest possible rate of population growth under which conditions?
• Which of the following lists the main types of symbiotic relationships?
• Trophic cascade definition and effect.
• In a predator–prey population cycle, what sequence best describes what happens when prey numbers rise?
• Which statement best describes natural selection?
• Inheritable mutations can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental depending on what?
• Which statement best describes r-selected populations?
• Which term best describes a clumped distribution pattern in a population?
• What are the results of gene flow between nearby populations?
• In population histograms, a wide base indicates what about the population growth rate?
• Which of the following is a density-dependent factor?
• What is a life table and what information does it summarize for a population?
• What is intraspecific competition?
• In the logistic growth model, what does carrying capacity K represent?
• Microevolution refers to what?
• What does carrying capacity describe in population ecology?
• Which statement correctly identifies density independence?
• Resource partitioning and coexistence.
• Which of the following can change a population's gene pool?
• Predation selecting traits.
• A clumped distribution pattern occurs when resources are distributed how?
• In a metapopulation, how does high connectivity affect local extinctions?
• Harmful recessive alleles may be maintained in a population by?
• Which mechanism maintains harmful recessive alleles in a population?
• Parasitism is defined as?
• The process of natural selection selects for favourable variation and directly leads to?
• In r-selected populations, growth may overshoot carrying capacity and then rapidly decline.
• Which statement best describes a climax community?
• Which shape best describes exponential growth in populations?
• Mullerian mimicry is characterized by which statement?
• In ecological succession, which description best defines a pioneer species?
• Abiotic factors describe which of the following?
• Gene flow between connected populations.
• Secondary succession occurs most accurately in which scenario?
• What is natural selection?
• What does natural selection directly lead to?
• In a closed population, the change in population size is determined by which of the following?
• Which of the following is a density-independent factor?
• Which mechanism causes changes in allele frequencies due to random chance, especially in small populations?
• What does gene flow due to emigration and immigration of individuals increase?
• Which statement correctly matches survivorship curve type with typical organisms?
• Why is removing or conserving keystone species important for population ecology?
• Which consequence best characterizes a population bottleneck?
• Which type of mimicry involves two or more defended species sharing warning signals?
• What is a result of inbreeding?
• Explain biotic potential versus environmental resistance in population growth.
• In Batesian mimicry, which statement is correct?
• What defines a predator-prey relationship?
• How do immigration and emigration affect population size and age structure?
• What is a gene pool?
• After a rapid population explosion, it is often followed by a crash due to limited resources. True or false?
• Primary succession occurs in which scenario?
• What is a competitive relationship?
• What are two types of genetic drift?
• Protective coloration is best described as:
• What is an age-specific fertility rate (ASFR) and why is it useful?
• Which statement best describes metapopulation dynamics?
• Environmental resistance refers to what?
• What is interspecific competition?
• Environmental resistance determines the carrying capacity of a habitat.
• Which statement best describes the Allee effect in small populations?
• Exponential growth is best described as which statement?
• Which of the following best explains how genetic diversity helps a population withstand environmental change?
• What is the primary survival benefit of cryptic coloration?
• In population histograms, a small base indicates which of the following?
• What is a density-dependent factor?
• Increasing carrying capacity of land through agriculture leads to which of the following?
• Which of the following is a density-independent factor?
• Which metric is NOT typically used to monitor wildlife population health?
• How mutation, natural selection, and sexual selection drive evolutionary change within a population?
• Population explosion is defined as which of the following?
• Which statement about niche filling is supported?
• What is the random population theoretical distribution pattern?
• Describe the stages of demographic transition and what drives them.
• Why is age structure an important tool in population ecology?
• Predator removal in a trophic cascade.
• Mutations that provide a selective advantage will increase in frequency due to _________________________?
• What is the uniform population theoretical distribution pattern?
• What is the typical long-term behavior of a population near carrying capacity?
• What can genetic drift result in?
• What term describes the first organisms to colonize barren land in ecological succession?
• What is a consequence of greater genetic variation in a population?
• What is the role of life history theory in population studies?
• How is gene flow best described?
• In an open population, if births plus immigration equal deaths plus emigration, the population size remains which of the following?
• What is a result of the founder effect?
• Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium conditions and evolution indicator.
• Which metric is essential for projecting future population growth and planning services?
• Which concept describes changes in allele frequencies due to random sampling in small populations?
• Cryptic coloration refers to?
• What happens at the plateau phase of an exponential or J-shaped growth curve?
• What term describes a gradual change in allele frequencies over generations within a population?
• Why is random mating an assumption in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and what happens if it is violated?
• Predation can regulate prey populations and lead to which of the following outcomes?
• Population crash refers to which change in a population?
• Genetic drift is defined as what?
• Interspecific competition occurs when?
• Which are density-dependent regulatory mechanisms in populations?
• In what ways can human activities threaten wildlife populations?
• Secondary succession occurs after which type of event?
• Which statement best describes a niche component?
• Which statement correctly describes the founder effect?
• Why is gene pool variety important for population survival?
• Gene flow and its potential impact on adaptation.
• Which statement summarizes the competitive exclusion principle?
• Which is an example of intraspecific competition?
• In a predator–prey system, which outcome best describes the long-term dynamic of the populations?
• What is dispersal and how does it affect metapopulation dynamics?
• Which scenario leads to a drastic reduction in population size, followed by a new population founded by survivors?
• How does the ecological footprint concept relate to human population dynamics?
• What is an ecological footprint?